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''Airstrikes'': (March 25–31 only)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Backs Iran With Airstrikes Against ISIS )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic State conflict: US launches Tikrit air strikes )〕〔 United Kingdom (25–29 March only)〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=7 April 2015 )〕 France〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=France launches first bombing strike against ISIS in Tikrit )〕 |combatant2 = Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ---- Ba'ath Party Loyalists |commander1= Lt. Gen. Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi〔 Qasem Soleimani〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iranian Military Mastermind Leading Battle to Recapture Tikrit From ISIS )〕 (Head of Quds Force) PMF commanders: Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis〔Muhandis is on the United States' list of designated terrorists: See paragraph 5 of the report.〕 Hadi al-Amiri (Head of Badr Organization)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Can ISIS be defeated in Tikrit? )〕 Qais Khazali Madi al-Kinani〔 Ali al-Moussawi〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Volunteer's leadership: AL-Imam Ali Brigade field leader has martyred - Iraqi News )〕 |commander2= Abu Suleiman al-Naser (Replacement Military Chief) Abu Nabil (ISIL governor of the Saladin Governorate) Abu Maria (top ISIL leader in Tikrit)〔 ---- Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri |units1 = Iraq: * Iraqi Security Forces * * Armed Forces * * * Army * * * Air Force * * * Special Forces * * Federal Police *22px Popular Mobilization Forces * * Shia militias * * *Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq * * * Kata'ib Hezbollah * * * Badr Brigades * * *Khorasani Brigades〔 * * *Kata'ib al-Imam Ali * * *Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada * * *Peace Brigades〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraqi militia loyal to radical cleric joins Tikrit offensive )〕 * * Sunni tribal miltias * * *Martyrs of Salahiddeen Iran: * Quds Force〔 United States: * USAF United Kingdom: *〔 |units2 = Military of ISIL |strength1 =20,000–30,000+〔 (9,000 engaged) *20,000 Shi'ite paramilitaries〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WASHINGTON: Officials: U.S. watching for ethnic cleansing in Tikrit battle in Iraq - National Security & Defense - McClatchy DC )〕 *3,200–4,000 Iraqi security forces〔〔 *1,000–5,000 Sunni tribesmen〔〔 *40 Quds force officers〔 (specialist reinforcements sent)〔 |strength2 = 2,000–13,000〔 |casualties1 = 230〔–1,000+〔 killed |casualties2 = 842–1,142 killed, 80 captured〔〔(Saddam Hussein's former deputy, now ISIS commander, reported killed near Tikrit in Iraqi operation )〕 |casualties3 = 46 civilians killed〔 28,000 civilians displaced |notes = }} The Second Battle of Tikrit was a battle in which the Iraqi forces recaptured the city of Tikrit (the provincial capital of the Saladin Governorate) from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Iraqi forces consisted of the Government's Security Forces and the Popular Mobilization Forces (the bulk of the ground forces, consisted of Shia militiamen and also some Sunni tribesmen), receiving assistance from Iran's Quds Force officers on the ground , and American, British, and French air forces. The city of Tikrit, located in the central part of the Saladin Governorate in north of Baghdad and Samarra and lying adjacent to the Tigris River, was lost to ISIL during the huge strides made by the group during its offensive in June 2014. After its capture, ISIL performed its most infamous massacre at Camp Speicher, located near Tikrit. After months of preparation and intelligence-gathering, Iraqi forces engaged in offensive operations to fully encircle and subsequently retake the city, starting on 2 March 2015. The offensive is the largest anti-ISIL operation to date, involving some 20,000–30,000 Iraqi forces (outnumbering ISIL fighters more than 2-to-1), with an estimated 13,000 ISIL fighters present.〔 It was reported that 90% of the residents of the city left out of fear both of ISIL and retaliatory attacks by Shia militias once the city is captured. As such, most of the residents fled to nearby cities, such as Baghdad and Samarra, or even further to Iraqi Kurdistan or Lebanon. On 4 April, after several days of heavy fighting and acts of vengeance committed by some Shi'ite militias, the situation in the city was reported to have been stabilized,〔 and the last pockets of ISIL resistance were eliminated,〔 with an Iraqi Police Major reporting that "The situation now is calm."〔 However, on 5 April, continued resistance by 500 ISIL fighters in the city was reported in several pockets,〔 which persisted for another week as government forces continued combing Tikrit for hiding ISIL fighters, especially in the northern Qadisiya District. On 12 April 2015, Iraqi forces declared that Tikrit was finally free of all ISIL forces, stating that it was safe for residents to return.〔 However, pockets of resistance persisted until 17 April,〔 when the last 140 ISIL sleeper agents in the city were killed.〔〔 Cleanup and defusing operations in the city continued, but Iraqi officials predicted that it would take at least several months to remove the estimated 5,000–10,000 IEDs left behind by ISIL in Tikrit.〔 ==Background== Tikrit, the hometown of former Sunni dictator Saddam Hussein, fell to ISIL during the offensive in June 2014. A first attempt to recapture the city in late June 2014 was repelled by ISIL after a few days, as well as another Iraqi attempt to recapture the city in July 2014. Subsequent efforts in December 2014 also failed to make headway against ISIL, which consolidated control over Tikrit and its environs. On the morning of 19 August 2014, Iraqi government troops and allied militiamen launched a major operation, to retake the city of Tikrit from the militants. The military push started early in the morning from the south and southwest of the city.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iraqi Forces Launch Major Push to Retake Tikrit )〕 However, by the afternoon, the offensive had been repelled by the insurgents.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Isis fighters show strength as they repel Iraqi army's attempt to retake Tikrit )〕 Additionally, the military lost its positions in the southern area of the city it had captured a few weeks earlier. The operation in Tikrit counted as the first major attempt by both Iraqi military and the Iran-backed Shiite to recapture ground seized by Islamic state group the previous summer. On this occasion, according to Pentagon's top officer there is no doubt that the success in recapturing the seized ground tied with Iran's involvement.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= To Defeat ISIS, Iraq Forced to Accept Iran's 'Suffocating Embrace' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Second Battle of Tikrit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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